What Is Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation Technology?
What is automatic sprinkler irrigation technology? Let's get to know about it.
(I) Field of application
Sprinkler irrigation can be applied in a wide range of fields, such as low land leveling, gentle slope and uneven fields and in field crops, fruits and vegetables, economic crops, fruit trees, grass and so on, where can all be sprayed. At the same time, irrigation can be used not only to irrigate crops, but also to spray fertilizers and pesticides, as well as to prevent frost and dry hot wind.
(II) Operation steps
1. Preparation
(1). Water source. Rivers, lakes, canals, ponds, reservoirs, wells and springs can be used as water sources for sprinkler irrigation systems.
(2). Motivation. According to its own conditions, it can be used as the power of sprinkler irrigation system, such as tractor, diesel engine, electric motor or gasoline engine, etc., which should be matched with water pump in large power.
(3). Water pump. The most commonly used pumps in sprinkler irrigation system are centrifugal pump, self-priming centrifugal pump, submersible electric pump, deep well pump, etc. Natural water head can also be used in a few areas.
(4). Water distribution network. Irrigation pipes and fittings are important parts of sprinkler irrigation system. In sprinkler irrigation system, the investment of pipeline often accounts for more than 50% of the total investment of equipment, so it is necessary to select local materials, economically and reasonably. At present, the commonly used fixed pipes are steel pipes, reinforced concrete pipes, asbestos cement pipes, plastic pipes, etc. There are two commonly used mobile pipes: flexible pipes and light hard pipes. In addition, in order to connect and control the pipeline system, it is also equipped with certain elbow, tee, four-way, gate valve, joint and plug, pressure gauge, water device, etc.
(5). Nozzle. According to the range, it can be divided into four categories: low pressure near range, medium pressure medium range, high pressure long range and micro nozzle, According to the number of nozzles, it can be divided into single nozzle, double nozzle and multi nozzle. According to the structure situation, it can be divided into hole type, lotus leaf type, gap type, diffuse type and jet type nozzle. In general, the low-pressure sprinkler is suitable for sprinkling shallow root crops, such as vegetables, nurseries, flowers, young crops and crop seedling stage, because of its small amount of water spray, short range, low intensity, small water drop and high atomization degree. The medium pressure nozzle is suitable for various crops and soils. High pressure sprinkler is suitable for grassland and fruit forest. From the view of soil properties, the sprinkler with low sprinkler irrigation intensity should be selected for cohesive soil, and the sprinkler with higher sprinkler irrigation intensity should be selected for sandy soil.
(6). Selection of sprinkler irrigation system.
① Fixed sprinkler irrigation system. All pipes are fixed except the nozzle. Its characteristics are high production efficiency, convenient operation and management, low operation cost, less land occupation and it is conducive to active control and comprehensive utilization. But, the utilization rate of equipment is low and the investment per unit area is high. It is suitable for vegetables and cash crops with frequent irrigation and areas with steep ground slope and complex local terrain.
② Mobile sprinkler irrigation system. The power machine, water pump, main pipe, branch pipe and nozzle can be moved. It is characterized by convenient use, saving a large number of pipes and low investment per mu. But the working condition is bad, the labor intensity is big, and the spraying quality is not high enough.
③ Semi fixed sprinkler irrigation system. The power machine, water pump and main pipe are fixed, and the branch pipe and nozzle are mobile. Its characteristics are that it not only improves the utilization rate of equipment and reduces the system investment, but also is easier to use than the mobile sprinkler irrigation, with low labor intensity and high productivity. It is one of the most widely used sprinkler irrigation systems at present.
(I) Field of application
Sprinkler irrigation can be applied in a wide range of fields, such as low land leveling, gentle slope and uneven fields and in field crops, fruits and vegetables, economic crops, fruit trees, grass and so on, where can all be sprayed. At the same time, irrigation can be used not only to irrigate crops, but also to spray fertilizers and pesticides, as well as to prevent frost and dry hot wind.
(II) Operation steps
1. Preparation
(1). Water source. Rivers, lakes, canals, ponds, reservoirs, wells and springs can be used as water sources for sprinkler irrigation systems.
(2). Motivation. According to its own conditions, it can be used as the power of sprinkler irrigation system, such as tractor, diesel engine, electric motor or gasoline engine, etc., which should be matched with water pump in large power.
(3). Water pump. The most commonly used pumps in sprinkler irrigation system are centrifugal pump, self-priming centrifugal pump, submersible electric pump, deep well pump, etc. Natural water head can also be used in a few areas.
(4). Water distribution network. Irrigation pipes and fittings are important parts of sprinkler irrigation system. In sprinkler irrigation system, the investment of pipeline often accounts for more than 50% of the total investment of equipment, so it is necessary to select local materials, economically and reasonably. At present, the commonly used fixed pipes are steel pipes, reinforced concrete pipes, asbestos cement pipes, plastic pipes, etc. There are two commonly used mobile pipes: flexible pipes and light hard pipes. In addition, in order to connect and control the pipeline system, it is also equipped with certain elbow, tee, four-way, gate valve, joint and plug, pressure gauge, water device, etc.
(5). Nozzle. According to the range, it can be divided into four categories: low pressure near range, medium pressure medium range, high pressure long range and micro nozzle, According to the number of nozzles, it can be divided into single nozzle, double nozzle and multi nozzle. According to the structure situation, it can be divided into hole type, lotus leaf type, gap type, diffuse type and jet type nozzle. In general, the low-pressure sprinkler is suitable for sprinkling shallow root crops, such as vegetables, nurseries, flowers, young crops and crop seedling stage, because of its small amount of water spray, short range, low intensity, small water drop and high atomization degree. The medium pressure nozzle is suitable for various crops and soils. High pressure sprinkler is suitable for grassland and fruit forest. From the view of soil properties, the sprinkler with low sprinkler irrigation intensity should be selected for cohesive soil, and the sprinkler with higher sprinkler irrigation intensity should be selected for sandy soil.
(6). Selection of sprinkler irrigation system.
① Fixed sprinkler irrigation system. All pipes are fixed except the nozzle. Its characteristics are high production efficiency, convenient operation and management, low operation cost, less land occupation and it is conducive to active control and comprehensive utilization. But, the utilization rate of equipment is low and the investment per unit area is high. It is suitable for vegetables and cash crops with frequent irrigation and areas with steep ground slope and complex local terrain.
② Mobile sprinkler irrigation system. The power machine, water pump, main pipe, branch pipe and nozzle can be moved. It is characterized by convenient use, saving a large number of pipes and low investment per mu. But the working condition is bad, the labor intensity is big, and the spraying quality is not high enough.
③ Semi fixed sprinkler irrigation system. The power machine, water pump and main pipe are fixed, and the branch pipe and nozzle are mobile. Its characteristics are that it not only improves the utilization rate of equipment and reduces the system investment, but also is easier to use than the mobile sprinkler irrigation, with low labor intensity and high productivity. It is one of the most widely used sprinkler irrigation systems at present.
2. Irrigation pipeline (channel) layout and connection
The pipeline layout and connection of sprinkler irrigation should be based on the water yield, water delivery distance, field situation, area, etc., and the appropriate pipe and nozzle should be selected reasonably. After that, the layout should be carried out according to the pipe properties, terrain conditions and sprinkler irrigation system characteristics.
(1) Terrace sprinkler irrigation
Select the terraced slope, from the top of the slope to the beginning of the second terrace ridge. And then excavate a main field channel along the slope foot of the ridge. From the beginning of the field, build the first suction pool 150 meters apart along the channel, and then build the second suction pool every 200 meters. The distance between the two pools is 200 meters, and the distance between the two suction pools is 100 meters, and each pool can store 0.7 to 1 cubic meter. The suction basin shall be built every four ridge slopes as above. Small canals are built across the field surface, and the upper and lower pools are connected by falling water through the terraced field ridges; or the inlet and outlet of the upper and lower suction pools are directly connected by a small white dragon. A sprinkler irrigation machine is arranged every few suction basins. The power and water pump of sprinkler irrigation machine are arranged on the ridge above the suction pool.
(2) Hose irrigation
① Self pressure sprinkler irrigation.
The irrigation pipes used for water diversion include rubber hose, nylon plastic pipe, PVC plastic pipe, bamboo pipe, tile pipe, wooden groove, etc. Amongst them, rubber pipes are used to carry water into the ground and directly transport water for sprinkler heads. The commonly used ones are pure rubber pipes and rubber pipes with a diameter of 25 mm or 43 mm with a length of 10-20 meters. The processed bamboo green, hollow wood or iron pipes are used as internal joints between the rubber pipes. When a water supply pipe needs to be divided into two or more branch pipes, the multi head through pipe made of white iron sheet can be used as the internal joint to tap out the branch pipe. The joint of rubber pipe and through pipe can be fastened with additional pipe hoop to avoid water leakage and falling off. The water head of self pressure sprinkler irrigation is not high, which can be 3 meters height, 5 meters height and 10 meters height. If the water head is too large, the water can be diverted into the pond first, and then the water can be diverted from the pond with rubber hose for sprinkler irrigation. If the water sources are far away from each other, local materials can be used to excavate ditches or bamboo, wood and tile materials for water diversion to reduce investment.
② Motorized sprinkler irrigation.
Mechanical power such as diesel engine, gasoline engine, electric motor, submersible pump and hand pump are used to pump water and pressurize, and hose water is used for sprinkling irrigation. Nylon plastic pipe or hemp cloth faucet is used to connect the pump outlet as the main water delivery pipe. In order to facilitate the disassembly and transportation of the pipeline, the two pipes are connected by quick joints. When the pressure water flow is transported to the sprinkler plot, the main pipe passes through multiple pipes and it is connected with rubber hose sprinkler irrigation from one side or both sides according to the distribution of the plot. The multi head pipe used for machines and tools is usually made of white iron sheet. When the water delivery pressure of the main pipe is large, it can be processed and manufactured with steel pipe. At one end of the rubber hose, another valve can be installed to control the working pressure and water output of the working branch pipe. The number of branch pipes of the unit can be determined according to the terrain, pump head, length of pipeline used and sprinkler irrigation method. The units are movable, and steel pipes can also be used as water main pipes. According to the terrain and land distribution, they are installed in a fixed situation. When the water main pipe is located at different elevation, the multi head pipe is installed in the grading device, and the hose is directly used for water diversion and sprinkling irrigation. The regulation and storage tank can be arranged at the highest part of the irrigation area, and the bottom is equipped with a water outlet, which can make use of the high water head and low water consumption.
(3) Micro sprinkler irrigation.
According to the request of irrigation crops, select different specifications of pipe and pipe fittings, according to the material request connection. The irrigation pipeline below the branch pipe is usually buried underground, and the part below the branch pipe is usually above ground.
(III) Notes
1. In order to pay attention to the benefit of sprinkler irrigation, equipment and a large number of pipes are needed. The capital investment is high, especially for fixed sprinkler irrigation. The economic benefits of planting crops should be fully considered.
2. When the wind speed exceeds 3 m/s, sprinkler irrigation is easily affected by wind and air humidity. At 5 m/s, sprinkler irrigation should be stopped.
3. The selection of sprinkler irrigation system, such as hose sprinkler irrigation equipment, is relatively easy, besides it needs less investment, and local materials can be used. Moreover, one investment can be recovered in the same year, which is very economic and convenient, and it is suitable for small plots in mountainous areas. It can make full use of the fragmentary small water and small pond, store water in the pool at night, and spray irrigation when the hose is introduced in the daytime. Open up the source of water and cut down the amount.The limited fragmentary water source in the mountain area can play the greatest role. However, it should also be considered that the hose sprinkler irrigation should use the pipeline for water diversion, and the manual pipe sprinkling irrigation has higher labor intensity and lower work efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to select sprinkler irrigation system based on local materials.